Clinical Psychological Assessment

个人在发展阶段早期出现在多种情境（如：家里、学校）中有持续的社交沟通与社交互动困难与障碍，以及有异常局限性的兴趣或高度重复性的行为或活动，影响日常生活。

关键特征：

• 社交-情绪缺损 Deficit in social-emotional reciprocity 
  例如：无法一来一往的对话、不会分享兴趣或情绪
• 非语言沟通行为缺损 Deficit in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
  例如：没有眼神接触、不理解手势或肢体语言等
• 发展、维持及理解关系的困难 Deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships
  例如：交不到朋友、对人没兴趣、不会玩家家酒
• 刻板或重复的动作、使用物体或言语 Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
  例如：转圈圈、重复排列玩具、仿说
• 坚持同一性、仪式化的行为或常规 Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior 
  例如：无法忍受微小变化、会坚持走同样的路线、吃一样的食物等
• 高度局限及固着的兴趣Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus 
  例如：只喜欢玩某种玩具、对数字、日期着迷
• 感官的过度或过低敏感Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input
  例如：对疼痛没有反应、对光线或特定的声音特别着迷等

个人在12岁以前就出现几种不专注、过动或冲动的症状，在至少两个场合（例如学校、家庭、与朋友或亲戚在一起时、在其他活动中）中具有注意力集中困难、缺乏组织及过动/冲动的行为，且影响到其社交、人际或职业功能。

关键特征：

不专注 Inattention：

• 粗心大意 Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes 
• 难以专注 Has difficulty sustaining attention
• 无法遵循指示 Often does not follow through on instructions 
• 丢三洛四 Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities 
• 容易分心 Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli 
• 讲话没在听 Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
• 难以组织 Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
• 忘东忘西 Often forgetful in daily activities
• 逃避需要长时间付出心力的活动Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage tasks that require sustained mental effort

过动/冲动Hyperactivity and impulsivity ：

• 常手脚不停地动或敲/踏 Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet
• 难以安座 Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
• 难以等待 Often has difficulty waiting his or her turn
• 话量多 Often talks excessively
• 像活力马达 Is often “on the go”, acting as if “driven by a motor”
• 到处爬、跑（不用休息）Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate（feeling restless） 
• 抢着回答问题 Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed
• 常打断或干扰其他人进行的活动 Often interrupts or intrudes on others
• 难以参与静态活动 Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly

个人在理解力、问题解决、计划、抽象思考、判断、课业及经验学习能力上的困难，且在日常生活的各个层面并无法达到独立性（包含沟通、社会参与、学习或工作等层面）

关键特征：

• 智力功能的缺损Deficits in intellectual functions
  例如：经由智力测验确认
• 适应功能的缺损Deficits in adaptive functioning
  例如：需要持续的支持，个体才能维持在家庭、学校、工作或社区参与日常生活功能的独立